GEOGRAPHY
SOLAR SYSTEM
• SOLAR SYSTEM : SOME IMPORTANT FACTS
1 Biggest Planet Jupiter
2 Smallest Planet Neputne
3 Nearest Planet to Sun Mercury
4 Farthest Planet to Sun Pluto
5 Nearest Planet to Earth Venus
6 Brightest Planet Venus
7 Hottest Planet Venus
8 Coldest Planet Pluto
9 Red Planet Mars
10 Biggest Satellite Ganymede
11 Smallest Satellite Deimos
12 Blue Planet Earth
13 Morning Star Venus
14 Evening Star Venus
15 Planet with a Red Spot Jupiter
16 Brightest Planet outside Solar system Sirius (Dog Star)
17 Closest star of Solar System Proxima Centauri
18 Fastest rotation in Solar System Jupiter
19 Slowest rotation in Solar System Venus
20 Fastest revolution in Solar System Mercury
21 Slowest revolution in Solar System Pluto
MAJOR SEAS
• In decreasing order: I. South China Sea II. Caribbean Sea III. Mediterranean Sea.
Important Seas
Name Location Part of Ocean
1 Arafura Sea
Between Australia and
New Guinea South Pacific
Ocean
2 Arabian Sea Between India and Arabia Indian Ocean
3 Bering Sea Between Siberia and Alaska Pacific Ocean
4 Banda Sea Between Moluccas and Timor Pacific Ocean
In the East Indies
5 Bay of Bengal East of the Indian Peninsula Indian Ocean
6 Celebes Sea North of Celebes Island Pacific Ocean
7 East China Sea East of China Pacific Ocean
8 Flores Sea Between Celebes and Flores Pacific Ocean
9 Java Sea Between Java and Boreo Pacific Ocean
10 Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, North of Russia Arctic Ocean
and East Siberian Sea
11 Red Sea Separates Asia from Africa Indian Ocean
12 Sea of Japan West of Japan Pacific Ocean
13 Sea of Okhotsk East of Russia Pacific Ocean
14 South China Sea South of China Pacific Ocean
15 Sulu Sea West of the
Philippines Island Pacific Ocean
16 Timor Sea Northwest of Australia Pacific Ocean
17 Yellow Sea West of Korea Pacific Ocean
MAJOR RIVERS
• Largest river is Amazon, although it is 222 Km, shorter than Nile (the longest river of the world). It is considered so because it is navigable by deep sea steamers and has the greatest flow of water.
• III is Mississippi Missouri in USA.
MAJOR RIVERS OF THE WORLD
S.No River Origin Falls in Length (Km.)
1. Nile Victoria lake Mediterranean Sea 6,650
2. Amazon Andes (Peru) Atlantic Ocean 6,428
3. Mississippi Itaska lake (USA) Gulf of Mexico (USA) 6,020
4. Missouri Yangtze Tibetan Kiang Plateau China Sea 5,494
5. Ob Altai Mts., Russia Gulf of Ob 5,410
6. Huang Ho Kunlun Mts. Gulf of Chibli 4,344
7. Yenisei Tannu – Ola Mts. Arctic Ocean 3,804
8. Congo Lualaba & Luapula rivers Atlantic Ocean 3,700
9. Niger Guinea Gulf of Guinea 4,180
10. Mekong Tibetan highlands South China Sea 4,180
11. Volga Voldai Plateau, Russia Caspian Sea 3,690
12. St. Lawrence Lake Ontario Gulf of Lawrence 3,058
13. Brahmaputra Lake Mansarovar Bay of Bengal 2,900
14. Indus Near lake Mansarovar Arabian Sea 2,880
MAJOR LAKES OF THE WORLD
1. Largest Lake - Caspian Sea
2. Largest Saline water lake - Caspian Sea
3. Largest fresh water lake - Lake Superior
4. Highest lake - Lake Titicaca
5. India’s largest lake - Chilka lake
6. Deepest lake - Lake Baikal
MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF THE WORLD
S.No. Mountain Peaks Location Heights(m)
1. Everest Nepal 8,852
2. K2 (Godwin Austin) India 8,611
3. Kanchanjanga India 8,598
4. Makalu Nepal - China 8,481
5. Dhaulagiri Nepal 8,172
6. Cho Oyu Nepal 8,153
7. Nanga Parbhat India 8,126
8. Hidden Peak India 8,068
9. Annapurna Nepal 8,078
10. Nandadevi India 7,813
IMPORTANT DESERTS
1 Sahara N. Africa (includes the Libyan and the Nubian Desert)
2 Australian Australia (includes Gibson, Simpson, Victorian Great Sandy)
3 Arabian Arab Countries (includes Rub’al khali & An-Nafad of S.Arabia and Dast- e-Lut & Dast-e-Kavir of Iran)
4 Kalahari Africa (mainly in Botswana)
5 Gobi Mongolia
6 Atacama Central Chile
7 Patagonian Argentina
8 Namib Namibia
9 Takla Makan Sinkiang, China
10 Karakum Turkmenistan
11 Sonoran Arizona and California (USA)
12 Thar India
MAJOR GULFS OF THE WORLD
S.NO. Names Area (Sq. Km.)
1 Gulf of Mexico 15,44,000
2 Gulf of Hudson 12,33,000
3 Arabian Gulf 2,38,000
4 Gulf of St. Lawrence 2,37,000
5 Gulf of California 1,62,000
6 English Channel 89,900
MAJOR PENINSULAS OF THE WORLD
S.NO. Peninsulas Area (Sq. Km.)
1. Arabia 32,50,000
2. Southern India 20,72,000
3. Alaska 15,00,000
4. Labrador 13,00,000
5. Scandinavia 8,00,000
6. Lberian 584,000
MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE WORLD
S.NO. Range Location Length (Km.)
1. Andes South America 7,200
2. Himalayas-Karakoram-Hindukush South Central Asia 5,000
3. Rockies North America 4,800
4. Great Dividing Range East Australia 3,600
5. Atlas North West Africa 1,930
6. Western Ghats Western India 1,610
7. Caucasus Europe 1,200
8. Alaska USA 1,130
9. Alps Europe 1,050
SMALLEST AND BIGGEST COUNTRIES
S.NO. Biggest Nations (Area-Wise) Biggest Nations (Population Wise)
1. Russia China
2. Canada India
3. China USA
4. USA Indonesia
5. Brazil Brazil
6. Australia Pakistan
7. India Russia
8. Argentina Bangladesh
9. Kazakhastan Japan
10. Sudan Nigeria
11 Vatican City Vatican City
12 Monaco Tuvalu
13 Nauru Nauru
14 Tuvalu Palau
15 San Marino San Marino
IMPORTANT CITIES ON RIVER BANKS (WORLD)
S.NO. CITY COUNTRY RIVER
1 Adelaide Australia Torrens
2 Amsterdam Netherlands Amsel
3 Alexandria Egypt Nile
4 Ankara Turkey Kazil
5 Bangkok Thailand Chao Praya
6 Basra Iraq Eupharates and Tigris
7 Baghdad Iraq Tigris
8 Berlin Germany Spree
9 Bonn Germany Rhine
10 Budapest Hungary Danube
11 Bristol UK Avon
12 Buenos Aires Argentina Laplata
13 Chittagong Bangladesh Majyani
14 Canton China Si-Kiang
15 Cario Egypt Nile
16 Chung King China Yang-tse-King
17 Cologne Germany Rhine
18 Dandzing Germany Vistula
19 Dresden Germany Elbe
20 Dublin Ireland Liffy
21 Hamburg Germany Elbe
22 Kabul Afghanistan Kabul
23 Karachi Pakistan Indus
24 Khartoum Sudan Confluence of Blue & White Nile
25 Lahore Pakistan Ravi
26 Leningrad Rusia Neva
27 Libson Portugal Tagus
28 Liverpool England Messey
29 London England Thames
30 Moscow Russia Moskva
31 Montreal Canada St.Lawrence
32 Nanking China Yang-tse-Kiang
33 New Orleans U.S.A. Mississipi
34 New York U.S.A. Hudson
35 Ottawa Canada Ottawa
36 Paris France Seine
37 Philadelphia U.S.A. Delaware
38 Perth Australia Swan
39 Prague Czech Republic Vitava
40 Quebec Canada St. Lawrence
41 Rome Italy Tiber
42 Rotterdam The Netherlands New Mass
43 Stalingrad Russia Volga
44 Shanghai China Yang-tse-Kiang
45 Sidney Australia Darling
46 Saint Luis U.S.A. Mississippi
47 Tokyo Japan Arakava
48 Vienna Austria Danube
49 Warsaw Poland Vistula
50 Washington D.C. U.S.A. Potomac
51 Yangoon Myanmar Irrawaddy
WORLDS GEOGRAPHICAL SURNAMES
S.NO. Surname Name
1 Bengal’s Sorrow Damodar River
2 Blue Mountains Nilgiri Hills
3 City of Sky-scrapers New York
4 City of Seven Hills Rome
5 City of Dreaming Spires Oxford
6 Key to the Mediterranean Gibralter
7 Land of Cakes Scotland
8 Land of Golden Fleece Australia
9 Land of Maple Leaf Canada
10 Land of Morning Calm Korea
11 City of Palaces Kolkata
12 City of Golden Gate San Francisco
13 City of Magnificent Buildings Washington D.C.
14 City of Eternal Springs Quito (S. America)
15 China’s Sorrow Hwang Ho
16 Cockpit Europe Belgium
17 Dark Continent Africa
18 Emerald Isle Ireland
19 Eternal City Rome
20 Empire City New York
21 Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet)
22 Garden City Chicago
23 Gate of Tears Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb
24 Gateway of India Mumbai
25 Gift of the Nile Egypt
26 Granite City Aberdeen (Scotland)
27 Hermit Kingdom Korea
28 Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean
29 Holy Land Jerusalem
30 Island Australia
31 Continent Island of Cloves Zanzibar
32 Isle of Pearls Bahrein (Persian Gulf)
33 Land of Midnight Sun Norway
34 Land of the Thousand Lakes Finland
35 Land of the Thunderbolt Bhutan
36 Land of White Elephant Thailand
37 Land of Five Rivers Punjab
38 Land of Five Thousand Elephants Laos
39 Land of Rising Sun Japan
40 Loneliest Island Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)
41 Manchester of Japan Osaka
42 Pillars of Hercules Gibraltar
43 Pearl of the Antilles Cuba
44 Playground of Europe Switizerland
46 Quaker city Philadelphia
47 Queen of the Adriatic Venice
48 Roof of the World The Pamirs, Central Asia
49 Rose Pink City Jaipur
50 Sugar bowl of the world Cuba
51 Venice of the North Stockholm
52 Windy City Chicago
53 Whiteman’s grave Guinea Coast of Africa
54 Yellow River Huang Ho (China)
BIGGEST / HIGHEST / LARGEST / LONGEST / IN THE WORLD
1 Animal, Tallest Giraffe
2 Archipelago, Largest Indonesia
3 Bird, Fastest Swift
4 Bird, Largest Ostrich
5 Bird, Smallest Humming bird
6 Bridge, Longest Railway Huey P. Long Bridge, Louisiana (USA)
7 Building, Tallest in the world Teipei 101, Taiwan
8 Canal. Longest Irrigational The Kalakumsky canal
9 Canal, Longest Suez canal
10 Capital, Highest La Paz (Bolivia)
11 City, Biggest in Area Mount Isa (Australia)
12 City, Largest in Population Tokyo
13 City, Costilest Tokyo
14 City, Highest Van Chuan (China)
15 Continent, Largest Asia
16 Continent, Smallest Australia
17 Country, Biggest (area) Russia
18 Country, Largest (Population) China
19 Country, Largest (electorate) India
20 Creature, Largest Blue Whale
21 Delta, Largest Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)
22 Desert, Largest (World) Sahara (Africa)
23 Desert, Largest (Asia) Gobi
24 Dam, Largest Grand Coulee Dam (U.S.A.)
25 Dam, Highest Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)
26 Diamond, Largest The Cullinan
27 Dome, Largest Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)
28 Epic, Largest Mahabharat
29 Irrigation Scheme, Largest Llyod Barrage, Sukkhur (Pakistan)
30 Island, Largest Greenland
31 Sea, Largest Mediterranean Sea
32 Lake, Deepest Baikal (Siberia)
33 Lake, Largest (Artificial) Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)
34 Lake, Highest Titicaca (Bolivia)
35 Lake, Largest (Fresh Water) Superior
36 Lake, Largest (Salt Water) Caspian
37 Library Largest United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
38 Mountain Peak, highest Everest (Nepal)
39 Mountain Range, Longest Andes (S. America)
40 Museum, Largest British Museum, London
41 Ocean, Largest Pacific
42 Palace, Biggest Vatican (Italy)
43 Park, Largest Yellow Stone National Park (U.S.A.)
44 Peninsula, Largest Arabia
45 Place, Coldest (Habitated) Verkhoyansk (Siberia)
46 Place, Dryest Iqique (In Atlantic Desert, Chile)
47 Place, Hottest Azizia (Libya, Africa)
48 Place, Rainiest Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)
49 Planet, Biggest Jupiter
50 Planet, Brightest Venus
51 Planet, Smallest Pluto
52 Plateau, Highest Pamir (Tibet)
53 Platform, Longest Kharagpur (India)
54 Railway, Longest Trans-Siberian railway
55 Railway Station, Largest Grand Central Terminal, Chicago (U.S.A.)
56 River, Longest Nile (Africa)
57 River, Largest Amazon
58 Sea-bird, Largest Albatross
59 Star, Brightest Sirius
60 Statue, Tallest Statue of Motherland, Volgagrad (Russia)
61 Telescope, Largest Radio New Mexico (U.S.A.)
62 Tramway, World’s first New York
63 Tunnel, Longest (Railway) Tanna (Japan)
64 Tunnel, Longest (road) Mont Blanc Tunnel Between France & Italy
65 Volcano, Highest Ojos del Salado (Andes, Educador)
66 Volcano, Most Active Maunaloa (Hawaii – U.S.A.)
67 Wall, Longest Great Wall of China
68 Waterfall, Highest Angel (Venezuela)
69 Water, Lowest body Dead Sea
70 Zoo, Largest Kruger National Park, South Africa
IMPORTANT BOUNDARIES
1 Durand Line Pakistan & Afghanistan
2 MacMohan Line India & China
3 Radcliff Line India & Pakistan
4 Maginot Line France & Germany
5 Oder Niesse Line Germany & Poland
6 Hindenberg Line Poland & Germany (at the time of First World War)
7 38th Parallel North & South Korea
8 49th Parallel USA & Canada
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