Reserve Bank of India

The Reserve Bank of India was established on April 1, 1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 with a share capital of Rs. 5 crores on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. This commission submitted its report in the year 1926, though the bank was not set up for nine years.

The share capital was divided into shares of Rs. 100 each fully paid which was entirely owned by private shareholders in the beginning.

Office of RBI :
The Central Office of the Reserve Bank was initially established in Kolkata but was permanently moved to Mumbai in 1937. It has 22 regional offices.
Nationalization of RBI:
With a view to have a cordinated regulation of Indian banking Indian Banking Act was passed in march 1949. To make RBI more powerful the Govt. of India nationalised RBI on January 1, 1949.

The general superintendence and direction of the Bank is entrusted to Central Board of Directors of 20 members, the Governor and four Deputy Governors, one Government official from the Ministry of Finance, ten nominated Directors by the Government to give representation to important elements in the economic life of the country, and four nominated Directors by the Central Government to represent the four local Boards with the headquarters at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi.
Local Boards consist of five members each Central Government appointed for a term of four years to represent territorial and economic interests and the interests of co-operative and indigenous banks.

Functions of RBI
1. Issue of Notes: Under Section 22 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, RBI has sole right to issue currency notes of various denominations except one rupee notes.

The One Rupee note is issued by Ministry of Finance and It bears the signatures of Finance Secretary, while other notes bear the signature of Governor RBI.

However RBI is the only source of legal tender money because distribution of one rupee notes and coins and small coins all over the country is undertaken by the Reserve Bank as agent of the Government.
Issue Department:

Read more...

Kuch Kar Dikhana Hai:Dr. Abdul Kalam

I remember my dad teaching me the power of language at a very young age. Not only did my dad understand that specific words affect our mental pictures, but he understood words are a powerful programming factor in lifelong success.

One particularly interesting event occurred when I was eight. As a kid, I was always climbing trees, poles, and literally hanging around upside down from the rafters of our lake house. So, it came to no surprise for my dad to find me at the top of a 30-foot tree swinging back and forth. My little eight-year-old brain didn't realize the tree could break or I could get hurt. I just thought it was fun to be up so high.

My older cousin, Tammy, was also in the same tree. She was hanging on the first big limb, about ten feet below me. Tammy's mother also noticed us at the exact time my dad did. About that time a huge gust of wind came over the tree. I could hear the leaves start to rattle and the tree begin to sway. I remember my dad's voice over the wind yell, "Bart, Hold on tightly." So I did. The next thing I know, I heard Tammy screaming at the top of her lungs, laying flat on the ground. She had fallen out of the tree.

I scampered down the tree to safety. My dad later told me why she fell and I did not. Apparently, when Tammy's mother felt the gust of wind, she yelled out, "Tammy, don't fall!" And Tammy did. fall.

My dad then explained to me that the mind has a very difficult time processing a negative image. In fact, people who rely on internal pictures cannot see a negative at all. In order for Tammy to process the command of not falling, her nine-year-old brain had to first imagine falling, then try to tell the brain not to do what it just imagined. Whereas, my eight-year-old brain instantly had an internal image of me hanging on tightly. This concept is especially useful when you are attempting to break a habit or set a goal . You can't visualize not doing something. The only way to properly visualize not doing something is to actually find a word for what you want to do and visualize that. For example, when I was thirteen years old, I played for my junior high school football team. I tried so hard to be good, but I just couldn't get it together at that age. I remember hearing the words run through my head as I was running out for a pass, "Don't drop it!" Naturally, I dropped the ball.

My coaches were not skilled enough to teach us proper "self-talk." They just thought some kids could catch and others couldn't. I'll never make it pro, but I'm now a pretty good Sunday afternoon football player, because all my internal dialogue is positive and encourages me to win. I wish my dad had coached me playing football instead of just climbing trees. I might have had a longer football career.

Here is a very easy demonstration to teach your kids and your friends the power of a toxic vocabulary. Ask them to hold a pen or pencil. Hand it to them. Now, follow my instructions carefully. Say to them, "Okay, try to drop the pencil." Observe what they do.

Most people release their hands and watch the pencil hit the floor. You respond, "You weren't paying attention. I said TRY to drop the pencil. Now please do it again." Most people then pick up the pencil and pretend to be in excruciating pain while their hand tries but fails to drop the pencil.

The point is made.
If you tell your brain you will "give it a try," you are actually telling your brain to fail. I have a "no try" rule in my house and with everyone I interact with. Either people will do it or they won't. Either they will be at the party or they won't. I'm brutal when people attempt to lie to me by using the word try. Do they think I don't know they are really telegraphing to the world they have no intention of doing it but they want me to give them brownie points for pretended effort? You will never hear the words "I'll try" come out of my mouth unless I'm teaching this concept in a seminar.

Read more...

BJP Comes With Bang Again!

Barely 10 months ago, India's elites agonized over the possibility that the general election would produce an unstable and fractious coalition government that would jeopardize the country's economic growth. Today, with a stable government in place and the Congress Party having clearly established its political primacy, Lutyens' Delhi resonates with whispered concern over the absence of a purposeful opposition.

The concern is based on a string of misgivings. The Manmohan Singh government is perceived to have grown utterly complacent. With inflation having crossed 8% and the price of food having registered a sharper increase, there is a feeling that the government is letting matters slide because it doesn't fear political opposition and social unrest. There are fears that political considerations are preventing a robust response to the Maoist threat. Finally, in the aftermath of the Copenhagen summit and the resumption of dialogue with Pakistan, there are concerns that the prime minister is obliging the Obama administration excessively.

Since it lost power in 2004, the Bharatiya Janata Party, India's principal opposition party, has lost its earlier appeal among the middle classes and the youth. This erosion of support was a consequence of a tired leadership, internal feuding, the pursuit of a policy of blind obstruction to all government initiatives and a failure to check sectarian hotheads identified with its Hindu nationalist ideology. From being a party of conservative Middle India, the BJP ceded its centrist space to the Congress Party. In recent months, it has been paralysed by a failure to counter the appeal of Rahul Gandhi, the Congress heir-apparent.

Read more...

India Ka Asli Dhushman Kaun?

It's budget season in India, with the federal government due to unveil its annual spending plan Friday. Look to defense to figure prominently: It's expected to clock in at $31 billion and arms spending could hit $100 billion over the next decade. But just as important as how much the government spends is the question of what the government spends the money on. That is where the really interesting changes are likely to show up.

Internal security is set to become a greater priority relative to foreign defense. India last week hosted its sixth "Defexpo," one of the largest exhibitions of defense equipment in Asia. On the same day 650 exhibitors from 33 countries were displaying their wares in New Delhi, the country's largest insurgent group, the Communist Party of India (Maoist), raided a West Bengal police camp in broad daylight, killing 24 troopers. The day after the expo ended, Maoists struck again in a Bihar village, killing 11. Clearly India's problems are not confined to China and Pakistan.

That attack encapsulated one of the main internal threats facing India. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has repeatedly warned of the danger posed by left-wing extremists pledged to overthrowing the democratic government. This insurgency originated in 1967 in West Bengal and was quelled within a decade, only to reappear later and in a more widespread form. Today Maoists have a presence in 20 of the 28 states, and control large tracts of tribal forest land in eight of those states. They have a centralized military and political structure, are adequately funded through extortion, donations and theft, and in most cases are better armed and trained than local police forces.

Read more...

Why Celebrate Holi:The Festival of Colors!

It's a Holi time and what a Festival this Is! full of Masti and Colors.Specially,On day of Dhulendi,{Gunjiya+Colors+Dance} resulted into Great Combination.so,Enjoying holi is alldiffernt but to know why we Celebrated it is also very Important.so here I goes....................

Holi or 'Phagwah' is the most colourful festival celebrated by followers of the Vedic Religion. It is celebrated as harvest festival as well as welcome-festival for the spring season in India.

Why Celebrate Holi?
The festival of Holi can be regarded as a celebration of the Colors of Unity & Brotherhood - an opportunity to forget all differences and indulge in unadulterated fun. It has traditionally been celebrated in high spirit without any distinction of cast, creed, color, race, status or sex. It is one occasion when sprinkling colored powder ('gulal') or colored water on each other breaks all barriers of discrimination so that everyone looks the same and universal brotherhood is reaffirmed. This is one simple reason to participate in this colorful festival. Let's learn more about its history and significance...

What is 'Phagwah'?
'Phagwah' is derived from the name of the Hindu month 'Phalgun', because it is on the full moon in the month of Phalgun that Holi is celebrated. The month of Phalgun ushers India in Spring when seeds sprout, flowers bloom and the country rises from winter's slumber.

Meaning of 'Holi'
'Holi' comes from the word 'hola', meaning to offer oblation or prayer to the Almighty as Thanksgiving for good harvest. Holi is celebrated every year to remind people that those who love God shall be saved and they who torture the devotee of God shall be reduced to ashes a la the mythical character Holika.

The Legend of Holika
Holi is also associated with the Puranic story of Holika, the sister of demon-king Hiranyakashipu. The demon-king punished his son, Prahlad in a variety of ways to denounce Lord Narayana. He failed in all his attempts. Finally, he asked his sister Holika to take Prahlad in her lap and enter a blazing fire. Holika had a boon to remain unburned even inside fire. Holika did her brother's bidding. However, Holika's boon ended by this act of supreme sin against the Lord's devotee and was burnt to ashes. But Prahlad came out unharmed.

The Krishna Connection
Holi is also associated with the Divine Dance known as Raaslila staged by Lord Krishna for the benefit of his devotees of Vrindavan commonly known as Gopis. 

Like all Indian and Hindu festivals, Holi is inextricably linked to mythical tales. There are at least three legends that are directly associated with the festival of colors: the Holika-Hiranyakashipu-Prahlad episode, Lord Shiva's killing of Kamadeva, and the story of the ogress Dhundhi.

The Holika-Prahlad Episode
The evolution of the term Holi makes an interesting study in itself. Legend has it that it derives its name from Holika, the sister of the mythical megalomaniac king Hiranyakashipu who commanded everyone to worship him. But his little son Prahlad refused to do so. Instead he became a devotee of Vishnu, the Hindu God.

Hiranyakashipu ordered his sister Holika to kill Prahlad and she, possessing the power to walk through fire unharmed, picked up the child and walked into a fire with him. Prahlad, however, chanted the names of God and was saved from the fire. Holika perished because she did not know that her powers were only effective if she entered the fire alone.

This myth has a strong association with the festival of Holi, and even today there is a practice of hurling cow dung into the fire and shouting obscenities at it, as if at Holika.

The Story of Dhulendhi

Read more...

Chocolate Cake WithTerror

The last time I went to German Bakery, my twin sons insisted on having a slice of chocolate cake. I told them we could have it next time, since we came to Pune so often on weekends anyway. I broke my promise. For the next image I saw was the bakery blown to bits. A newspaper sketch diagram showed the bomb placement exactly where my family used to sit, in the outdoor area. My first thought after the Saturday night attack was: it could have been us.

German Bakery was not a particularly upscale place – dishes cost far less than national coffee-shop chains. It had a relaxed vibe, due to the monk-robed Osho ashram customers. Ironically, it would be one of the last places you would associate with violence. Almost every college student or young professional in Pune would have visited this popular youth hangout. Not surprisingly, many of the dead were young students.

The first reaction to such a horrific incident is emotional. The more relatedness you feel with the event, the more difficult it becomes to think straight. Feelings of rage, despair and grief intermingle. Media reports, whether intentionally or not, repeatedly show the horror, tap into this emotion and exacerbate it.

“Is anyone safe?”, “Was the police sleeping?”, “It’s the politician’s fault”, “Screw all talk of peace, kill Pakistan” are phrases you see tossed around on TV, the internet and in conversations. I understand the mental state where such comments come from. However, such outcry does not help solve the problem. In fact, stew such emotions too long, and it becomes ripe for a politician to sway people into hating a particular country and a particular religion. And yet, the problem is not addressed.

The problem, at a factual level, is about a few deranged people who can relatively easily toss a bomb or fire guns at innocent people at a popular venue, and attract almost immediate attention worldwide. This attention is the biggest incentive for such an act. These people, or terrorists, also have a twisted moral justification. They do not perceive their victims to be innocent, even if the victim’s ‘crime’ in their head is belonging to a particular religion or country. Also, the terrorists do not place a very high value on their own life, for in many cases they get caught or killed.

How do you deal with such a problem? It is certainly not easy. Venue-specific security measures help for sure. However, the solution lies in addressing four areas – managing the randomness, curtailing the availability of explosives, limiting the attention incentive and improving opportunities to limit dissonance.

The first step is reducing randomness. There isn’t much one can do if a lunatic decides to launch a shooting spree at a random venue. However, it should be noted that there is a finite number of such people. Also, it doesn’t represent the character trait of a particular country or community. Even if there are 10,000 terrorists, that’s still only 0.001 per cent of our population.

Read more...

Economics & Politics Ka Haal Bura...

INDIA is getting into the shoes to handle newly budget presented by our finance minister sh. Pranab Mukherjee.But Many Question Arises,what will happen to fate for our country?Basically,its politics and economics which governed any country's future outlook.so with watching budget on tv and discussing with my friend
{joni panwar} I came to know bad fortune for our upcoming years.In view of that please go through this compliation from newspaper which would be very beneficial,input from yashwant sinha{ex. finance minister}.   

Unprecedented events have taken place in Parliament over the last two days. The first was a discussion on price rise even before a discussion on the motion of thanks for the President’s address was taken up. The second was the finance minister intervening in that debate and putting forth his views on price rise a day before he was due to present his Budget. The third was the walkout by the entire Opposition midway through the finance minister’s speech in protest against what he was proposing in the Budget. Clearly, we are passing through difficult times.

Every Budget is prepared in the context of the economic situation prevailing at that time. The most important challenge facing the finance minister this year was the unprecedented price rise of essential commodities including foodgrain and a wholesale price index threatening to go into double digits. The two other challenges before him were of reining in the ever-increasing fiscal deficit and stepping up the growth rate of the Indian economy. While these three challenges are no doubt interlinked, they are also in contradiction with each other and the finance minister had to use all his skills to harmonise them. Unfortunately, Mr Pranab Mukherjee has failed to do so.

Everyone agrees, including the finance minister himself, that what drives the Indian economy is domestic demand and domestic savings. If the Indian economy has to prosper, we must ensure that prices are controlled so that consumers are attracted to spend money. Second, there must be money and cheap money in their pockets to buy. Only then will the consumer buy. Both have been adversely impacted by this Budget.

The agrarian economy is in a crisis. There is precious little for agriculture in this Budget. So, the agrarian crisis will continue. The impact of the loan-waiver scheme has already spent itself. The increased allocation for NREGS is limited to Rs 1,000 crore only in this Budget, less than what it will lose by way of inflation. Demand from the rural sector, therefore, is not likely to increase dramatically.

Read more...

Warren Buffett's Style to Save the Economy -- and How It Failed?

In late 2008, Warren Buffett drafted a plan to save the financial system. He sent the proposal to the U.S. Treasury. Within months, the Treasury implemented the plan almost exactly as Buffett proposed. It's failed miserably since then.

I'm talking about the Public-Private Investment Partnership, better known as PPIP.

If you haven't heard of PPIP, don't sweat it. It's one of who-knows-how-many notions cooked up to save the economy. In short, it's a Frankenstein plan to marry private money with government leverage, creating an investment machine that can buy the putrid junk off banks' balance sheets. Like a public bailout with a dash of free-market input -- Keynes and Hayek holding hands.

Here goes nothing
In March 2009, the Treasury created PPIP, pledging up to $100 billion to be matched with private money and leveraged into a $1 trillion toxic-asset-eating monster. Buy all the terrible assets, thought went, and we're all set. Economy saved.

But to say the plan was met with jeers is an understatement. Almost no one liked it. One government watchdog called it "a sham." Whatever you wanted to call it, it was another bailout at a time of utter bailout abomination.

Soon after, rumors began that PPIP was Buffett's brainchild. Few thought much of it. Some didn't think it was true -- only a public dolt like the Secretary of Treasury could conceive such recklessness. 

But an October 2008 four-page letter sent from Buffett to then-Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson recently surfaced. New York Times columnist Andrew Ross Sorkin mentions the letter in his book on the financial crisis. Almost word for word, it describes PPIP five months before its birth.

In the letter, Buffett proposes creating a public-private fund to buy mortgage assets "in a way that dramatically reduces the risk -- to almost zero -- that the Treasury will lose money on its purchases."

To do so, private investors would provide $1 of equity for every $4 of government leverage. Investors would be wiped out before the Treasury took losses, and buyers "would have every incentive to make intelligent purchases," lowering the chances of taxpayers getting hosed. 

Buffett's proposal notes that he'd already lined up Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) to work pro-bono on raising $10 billion of equity, with Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE: BRK-A) (NYSE: BRK-B) willing to contribute another $500 million. Corral a few more investors, leverage that beast up with taxpayer dole, and you've got the mother of all toxic-asset-buying machines.

More specifically, you've got PPIP. This was all Buffett's idea.

There's a reason he isn't bragging
Almost one year after its creation, PPIP is universally known as a dud.

Matt Taibbi, Rolling Stone's honest yet maniacal columnist, describes it as "this bizarre scheme" in which "the government loaned money to … private investors to buy up the absolutely most toxic [expletive] on the market -- the same kind of high-risk, high-yield mortgages that were most responsible for triggering the financial chain reaction in the fall of 2008."

That's true, but there's little reason to worry: As of Dec. 31, PPIP had raised just $6.2 billion of private capital, leveraged on behalf of taxpayers into $24.8 billion. From this $24.8 billion, all of $4.3 billion worth of toxic assets have been purchased, or 0.43% of PPIP's intended $1 trillion goal. Put another way, it's failed. Miserably.

Why? Where did Buffett and the Treasury's idea go so wrong? Let's count the ways.

Read more...

Train Chale Chuk Chuk...............

Hi friends,this is a time for budget Information.On 24th feb. railway budget is being declared but nothing new we saw in its acting as changing face of railway.For a Railway Budget that promised to introduce an ambitious 10-year plan dubbed Vision 2020, Union railway minister Mamata Banerjee’s offering was strangely lacking in foresight and long-term measures. None of the initiatives she presented can be pointed to as clearly counterproductive. However, they seem a scattershot combination of populist measures rather than a cohesive strategy.

The market’s reaction says as much, with rail stocks plummeting in the aftermath of the budget. And with West Bengal assembly elections a little over a year away and a large number of the new projects given to the state it becomes difficult to avoid the conclusion that she has carried on the venerable tradition of using her position to cement her political base.

There are a few promising measures. The boosting of local train networks in metros like Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai is welcome, as is the prospect of better connectivity in the north-east and to Bangladesh. But these are only pointers to what the budget should, in fact, have been a comprehensive attempt to improve infrastructure for boosting economic activity. Setting up multi-functional hospitals and insurance facilities for licensed porters among the highlights of Banerjee’s budget are well and good as ancillary measures. But corporate social responsibility cannot replace the core business of the Railways, creating economic linkages.

Banerjee’s decision to maintain passenger and freight fares at the same level there have been in fact a few cuts here and there is problematic as well. While some amount of fare subsidisation is inevitable, there is an urgent need to bring them closer to a rational level. Without it, budget promises such as new trains and extending the rail network seem dubious. Lowering receipts while increasing outlays is not the ideal means to balance financial requirements. And that is the single largest problem with this budget. Initiatives and projects have been launched without due consideration of how they are to be operationalised. A special task force for clearing investment proposals within 100 days seems a significant step forward on the face of it. But it becomes less so when considerations of how to attract that investment given that Banerjee’s populist measures make for a less than efficient business model crop up. Despite purporting to launch a decade of growth, the one thing this budget lacks is vision.

Read more...

The First Indian woman to graduate from the Harvard Business School Is.... ?

Naina Lal Kidwai is the Chief Executive Officer of The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation India branches. She is the first Indian woman to graduate from the Harvard Business School.

Fortune magazine listed Kidwai among the World's Top 50 Corporate Women from 2000 to 2003. According to The Economic Times, she is the first woman to head the operations of a foreign bank in India.

She began her career in banking with ANZ Grindlays Bank (acquired by Standard Chartered Bank in 2000)and then moved on to head the Indian operations of Morgan Stanley. She left Morgan Stanley in 2002 to join HSBC India as head of its investment banking business. In May 2005, she was named country head of the HSBC Group in India.

She has been awarded with Padma Shri, one of the highest civilian honours bestowed by the Government of India. The announcement was made by Rashtrapati Bhawan on 26 Jan 2007. Naina has got the honour for her exemplary work in the promotion of Trade and Industry.

Naina Lal is a Chartered Accountant and pursued an MBA at Harvard Business School. Her mother is the sister of industrialist Lalit Mohan Thapar. Her cousin, Gautam Thapar heads the Avantha Group, one of India's fastest growing conglomerates. Naina is married to Rashid Kidwai who runs the NGO, Digital Partners.

Naina Lal Kidwai is currently the Group General Manager and Country Head of HSBC India.

Read more...

Sachin Aala Re:The Gr8 Little Master Blaster!

39 years of One day internationals and not a single double hundred. Many batsmen came close but none succeeded. But today was different. Sachin Tendulkar had a date with history. The master scored an unbeaten 200 against South Africa at Gwalior becoming the first ever batsman in ODI history to score a double hundred.

What a proud moment for all Indians! India’s greatest son has yet again given us a moment to cherish.

So, today at this great moment when I am enjoying with my friends {Hasan,Ankit,Joni,Amar & many more....}with Samasos & Jalebi! party all around......truly,what a incredible day in Indian cricket history.

I am writing each and everything about Sachin Tendulkar to regain his Glorious 20 years of freshness in cricket. 

Name : Sachin Tendulkar
Full name : Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar
Nick name :The Master Blaster, The Little Champion, The Bombay Bomber
Height : 5′4”
Born : 24-04-1973
Birth place: Bombay, India
Test Debut: Pakistan at Karachi, 1st Test, 1989/90
ODI Debut: Pakistan at Gujranwala, 2nd ODI, 1989/90
1st Class Debut: 1988
Major Teams: Mumbai, Yorkshire, India
Known As: Sachin Tendulkar
Batting Style: Right Hand Bat
Bowling Style: Right Arm Off Break, Leg Break, Right Arm Medium, Leg Break Googly
Marital Status: Married
Wife: Name: Anjali Tendulkar
Children: Two (One Boy and One Girl)
Girl Name: Sarah Tendulkar
Boy Name: Arjun Tendulkar.

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar  born 24 April 1973) is an Indian cricketer widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the first batsman to score 200 runs in a one-day innings and the leading run-scorer and century maker in Test and One Day International cricket. In 2002, Wisden ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, next to Donald Bradman, and the second greatest one day international (ODI) batsman of all time, next to Viv Richards. In September 2007, the Australian leg spinner Shane Warne rated Tendulkar as the greatest player he has played with or against. Tendulkar was the only player of the current generation to be included in Bradman's Eleven. He is sometimes referred to as Little Master or Master Blaster. Sachin Tendulkar is the second player to hit a double century in ODIs, the first being Belinda Clark.

Tendulkar is the highest run scorer in both Test matches and ODIs, and also the batsman with the most centuries in either form of the game. The first player to score fifty centuries in all international cricket combined, he now has 93 international centuries, he scored the first double hundered ever in One day international cricket against South Africa at Gwalior on 24th Feb 2010. On 17 October 2008, when he surpassed Brian Lara's record for the most runs scored in Test Cricket, he also became the first batsman to score 12,000 runs in that form of the game, having also been the third batsman and first Indian to pass 11,000 runs in Test cricket. He was also the first player to score 10,000 runs in one-day internationals, and also the first player to cross every subsequent 1000-run mark that has been crossed in ODI cricket history. In the fourth Test of the Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia, Tendulkar surpassed Australia's Allan Border to become the player to cross the 50-run mark the most number of times in Test cricket history, and also the second ever player to score 10 Test centuries against Australia, after only Sir Jack Hobbs of England more than 70 years previously.Tendulkar passed 30,000 runs in international cricket on 20 November 2009, and has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan award, India's second highest civilian award, and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India's highest sporting honour.

Early years and personal life

Read more...

All in one:Advertising, Bollywood, Corporate power.

That the terrible tragedy in Pune demands serious, sober coverage is a truism. One of the side-effects of the ghastly blast has been unintended, though. The orgy of self-congratulation that marked the media coverage of just about everything since January is now in pause mode. Maybe the flak they copped for their handling of the November 2008 Mumbai terror blasts has something to do with it. But there is, so far, some restraint. At least, relative to the meal they made of the 2008 blasts.

Otherwise, through January and early February, the media stood up bravely for freedom of expression and some other constitutional rights you’ve never heard of. They slew the demons of lingual chauvinism and worse. And they’re just spoiling for a fight with any other enemy of our proud democracy. Just so long as they can keep Bollywood in central focus.

Read more...

OLED:Aakhir Hai Kya?

Imagine having a high-definition TV that is 80 inches wide and less than a quarter-inch thick, consumes less power than most TVs on the market today and can be rolled up when you're not using it. What if you could have a "heads up" display in your car? How about a display monitor built into your clothing? These devices may be possible in the near future with the help of a technology called organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).

OLEDs are solid-state devices composed of thin films of organic molecules that create light with the application of electricity. OLEDs can provide brighter, crisper displays on electronic devices and use less power than conventional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or liquid crystal displays (LCDs) used today.

­In this article, We will learn how­ OLED technology works, what types of OLEDs are possible, how OLEDs compare to other lighting techn­ologies and what problems OLEDs need to overcome.So,let us begin on new way of exploring new technology with simple and learned manner:

OLED Components:

Like an LED, an OLED is a solid-state semiconductor device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200 times smaller than a human hair. OLEDs can have either two layers or three layers of organic material; in the latter design, the third layer helps transport electrons from the cathode to the emissive layer. In this article, we'll be focusing on the two-layer design.

An OLED consists of the following parts:

• Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.
• Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes") when a current flows through the device.
• Organic layers - These layers are made of organic molecules or polymers.
  • Conducting layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.
  • Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene.
• Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) - The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

Read more...

Can We Predict The Future of Oil Crisis?

Yet the key issue is not whether petrol and diesel prices should reflect today’s oil price of $75/barrel. It is that booming Asia will in a decade push oil to $150/barrel and maybe $250/barrel. India must prepare for a world of scarce, expensive oil instead of pretending that astronomical subsidies can ensure price stability. Today, the “under-recoveries” — implicit subsidy — of oil companies is Rs 65,000 crore. The immediate price increases suggested by the Committee may cut this to Rs 35,000 crore. But if oil goes up to $150/barrel, the subsidy will rise astronomically up to Rs 400,000 crore, eroding funds for all other anti-poverty and development initiatives.  In the 1990s, oil cost $ 17-18/barrel. When it doubled to $36 by 2004, politicians refused to believe it was permanent, and decreed piecemeal price increases instead of price decontrol.

Read more...

Isse Sasta Aur Achha Kahan?

Hi,While there may still be ambiguity on the success of Tablets, Netbooks have proved their mettle. The slimmed down laptops which were an enterprise's blessing during the recession have proved that they are here to stay. The space pioneered by Taiwanese companies Asus and MSI, today has models from any and every PC player worth his salt, Lenovo, Acer, Dell, HP and Samsung to name a few. The category recently saw a slew of new launches. Here's over to them to new world of netbooks.

Featuring a 10.1-inch LED-backlit screen, Acer launched its Aspire One 532G at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. According to Acer, Aspire One 532G is the first Netbook to run NVIDIA ION 2 chipset. Aspire One 532G is powered by Intel Atom N450 processor, 2GB of RAM and a 320GB hard drive. Other key features include built-in Wi-Fi, optional 3G connectivity and 7.1-channel audio output.As for battery, the Netbook offers 10 hours of support. The Netbook will be available at the end of Q1 2010 in Sapphire Blue, Ruby Red and Pearl Silver colours.

  Pitched as a ‘Smartbook' that combines the best of a smartphone and Netbook, Hewlett-Packard unveiled its Google Android platform Netbook -- Compaq Airlife 100. Sporting a 10.1" touch-sensitive display, the Netbook aims to take a direct hit at the Apple's recently-launched Tablet PC, iPad. Powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon processor running at 1GHz, Compaq Airlife 100 includes 16GB of internal storage, 512MB of RAM and 512MB of flash storage.It also includes an SD card slot for external storage. The Netbook packs Wi-Fi b/g or optional 3G wireless broadband connectivity. As for battery, the Netbook promises up to 12 hours life.

Read more...

Computer Awareness For Various Examinations

Hi friends,This is Competition Time and I hope all are gearing hard for this.So with something new always I hope to start with computer Gyan as a new label. so,please go through this set of question and answer me through my email Id:ash.jndl@gmail.com .If this concept is like by the readers then I came with more knowledgeble post.Till Then enjoy this>>>>>>>>

1.Which among the following is not a security / privacy risk?
(A)Spam
(B)Hacking
(C)Virus
(D)Phishing
(E)Vishing

2.When some unidentified / unknown person / firm sends you mail in a trustworthy /lucrative way asking for sensitive banks and online payment information, this is a case of __?
(A)spam
(B)hacking
(C)Phishing
(D)Vishing
(E)Simulation

3.Now a days Vishing has become a criminal practice of using social engineering over which of the following?
(A)Social networking sites
(B)Telephones
(C)E-mails
(D)Cyber cafés
(E)All of the above.

4.Which among the following is a correct definition of "Digital Divide"?
(A) gap between people having access to mobile and internet access
(B) gap between people having access to internet /IT and no internet/IT
(C) gap between people having access to broadband and narrow band internet
(D) gap between people having access to internet banking and normal banking
(E)Gap between the people having an email account and no email account.

5.Which among the following is the most common source of Viruses to the hard disk of your computer?
(A)Incoming Email
(B)Outgoing Email
(C)CD Roms
(D)Websites
(E)Mobile

6.What is the full form of W3C?
(A)World Wide Web Consortium
(B)World Wide Web Company
(C)World Wide Web Center
(D)World Wide Web Command
(E)None of them.

Read more...